句子成分：主谓宾表定状，一句话里谁干了啥

碰到长句就懵，多半是没搞清楚句子成分。一句话就那几个零件，拆明白就通了。

主语：谁、什么

句子的主角，一般在句首：

• Tom likes apples.
• The book is on the desk.

谓语：干了啥、是啥

动词，跟着主语变：Tom likes apples. / The book is on the desk.

宾语：动作的承受者

跟在及物动词后面：

• Tom likes apples.
• She bought a book.

表语：说明主语是啥/咋样

跟在 be 动词、系动词后面：

• She is a teacher.
• The soup smells good.

定语和状语

定语修饰名词"什么样的"：a red apple，The boy in red is my brother.

状语修饰动词"怎么干、何时何地"：He runs fast. / I get up at six.

拆一句试试

The little girl happily read a storybook in her room yesterday.

• 主语：the little girl；定语：little；谓语：read
• 宾语：a storybook；状语：happily / in her room / yesterday

口诀：主谓宾表定状补，找动词是第一步；动词前后看搭配，长句拆碎就清楚。